FƏRDİ KOMPÜTERİN ELEMENT VASİTƏLƏRİ VƏ PERİFERİYA QURĞULARI
Ölçü: 8.69 MB
Tarix: 31.12.2017
Səhifə Sayı: 283
Kitabın Dili: Azərbaycan türkcəsi
Format: PDF, DOCX
Müəlliflər: Amil Babayev Etibar Seyidzadә
Ölçü: 8.69 MB
Tarix: 31.12.2017
Səhifə Sayı: 283
Kitabın Dili: Azərbaycan türkcəsi
Format: PDF, DOCX
Müəlliflər: Amil Babayev Etibar Seyidzadә
Ön Görüntü
İÇİNDƏKİLƏR:
I FӘSİL.......................................................................................................................9
KOMPÜTERLӘRİN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ..........................................................................9
AVTOMATİK RӘQӘMLİ KOMPÜTERLӘR.................................................................9
ELEKTROMEXANİKİ KOMPÜTERLӘR.....................................................................10
ELEKTRON KOMPÜTERLӘR ...................................................................................10
TRANZİSTORLU KOMPÜTERLӘR............................................................................12
İNTEQRAL MİKROSXEM ӘSASLI KOMPÜTERLӘR.................................................14
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTERLӘRİN İNKİŞAF MӘRHӘLӘLӘRİ..............................................14
İSTİFADӘÇİ QRAFİK İNTERFEYSİ ............................................................................17
PORTATİV KOMPÜTERLӘR VӘ XÜSUSİYYӘTLӘRİ ................................................20
PORTATİV KOMPÜTERLӘRDӘ XARİCİ QURĞULARLA ӘLAQӘ.............................21
BATAREYA NÖVLӘRİ VӘ TEXNOLOGİYALARI.........................................................21
NİKEL KADMİUM (NiCd)...........................................................................................22
LİTİUM-İON (LI-ION) ................................................................................................22
NİKEL METAL-HİDRİT (NIMH)..................................................................................23
LİTİUM-İON POLİMER (LIP VӘ YA LI-POLY)............................................................23
II FӘSİL .....................................................................................................................25
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTER SİSTEMİ VӘ ELEMENT VASİTӘLӘRİ........................................25
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTER SİSTEMİ .....................................................................................25
KOMPÜTERİN ӘSAS QURĞULARI............................................................................25
MONİTORLAR............................................................................................................25
CRT MONİTORLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ........................................................................27
LCD MONİTORLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ........................................................................31
QAZ-PLAZMA MONİTORLARI...................................................................................35
VİDEO SİQNALI..........................................................................................................35
GÜC SӘRFİ..................................................................................................................36
DOT PITCH (NÖQTӘ ARALIĞI)..................................................................................36
HӘLL QABİLİYYӘTİ (KEYFİYYӘT) VӘ YENİLӘMӘ SÜRӘTİ.......................................37
MONİTOR EKRANININ ÖLÇÜSÜ...............................................................................38
CRT VӘ LCD MONİTORLARININ İSTİFADӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................39
CRT MONİTORLARININ İŞLӘMӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................................39
LCD MONİTORLARININ İŞLӘMӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................................40
ANAKARTLAR..............................................................................................................40
ANAKARTIN HİSSӘLӘRİ .............................................................................................41
ANAKARTIN GİRİŞ/ÇIXIŞ PORTLARI ..........................................................................45
MÜASİR ANAKARTLAR................................................................................................47
AT ANAKARTLARI.........................................................................................................47
ATX ANAKARTLARI ......................................................................................................48
YENİ BİR ANAKART ALARKӘN NӘLӘRӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘLİDİR? ..........................50
ANAKARTLARDA MİKROSXEM DӘSTİ FUNKSİYASI...................................................51
BASE I/O, IRQ VӘ DMA................................................................................................54
BASE I/O........................................................................................................................54
IRQ (INTERRUPT REQUST)...........................................................................................56
QURĞU VASİTӘSİLӘ KӘSİLMӘ ...................................................................................56
PROQRAM VASİTӘSİLӘ KӘSİLMӘ ..............................................................................57
DMA (DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS)............................................................................... 58
PROSESSORLAR........................................................................................................... 59
MӘRKӘZİ ӘMӘLİYYAT QURĞUSU (CPU)................................................................... 60
MİKROPROSESSOR İLӘ YADDAŞIN ӘLAQӘSİ............................................................ 61
MİKROPROSESSORUN ӘMR DÖVRÜ ......................................................................... 62
ӘLAQӘ ŞİNLӘRİ ........................................................................................................... 62
MİKROPROSESSORLARIN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ.................................................................. 63
HYPER-THREADING (HT) DӘSTӘYİ TEXNOLOGİYASI NӘDİR?.................................. 78
OVERCLOCK ӘMӘLİYYATLARI...................................................................................... 79
MİKROPROSESSOR NECӘ OVERCLOCK EDİLİR?........................................................ 80
MİKROPROSESSORUN OVERCLOCK EDİLӘRӘK
İŞLӘDİYİNİ NECӘ BİLMӘK OLAR?................................................................................ 83
CORE 2 DUO 'CONROE' MİKROPROSESSORU............................................................ 83
CORE2 DUO ARXİTEKTURASI........................................................................................ 85
AMD MİKROPROSESSORLARI....................................................................................... 88
AMD ATHLON TM MİKROPROSESSORLARI................................................................. 88
AMD ATHLON TM 64 MİKROPROSESSORLARI ........................................................... 90
AMD OPTERON TM MİKROPROSESSORLARI .............................................................. 91
HYPER TRANSPORT TEXNOLOGİYASI .......................................................................... 91
MOBİL MİKROPROSESSORLAR...................................................................................... 93
MOBILE INTEL PENTIUM IV MİKROPROSESSORLARI.................................................. 93
MOBILE INTEL ® PENTIUM ® M (CENTRINO) MİKROPROSESSORLARI.................... 94
MOBILE AMD ATHLON TM XP-M MİKROPROSESSORLARI ........................................ 96
MOBILE AMD ATHLON TM 64 MİKROPROSESSORLARI.............................................. 96
AMD POWERNOW! VӘ INTEL SPEEDSTEP TEXNOLOGİYALARI ................................. 97
INTEL SPEEDSTEP TEXNOLOGİYASI ............................................................................. 98
AMD POWERNOW! TEXNOLOGİYASI ........................................................................... 98
ӘSAS MİKROPROSESSOR PROBLEMLӘRİ .................................................................... 99
YADDAŞLAR................................................................................................................... 100
YADDAŞ NÖVLӘRİ......................................................................................................... 100
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)....................................................................................... 101
PROM (PROGRAMMABLE ROM).................................................................................. 101
EPROM (ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM)............................................................. 102
EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROQRAMMABLE ROM)................................. 102
FLASH............................................................................................................................. 102
RAM (RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY)............................................................................. 103
SRAM (STATIC RAM)...................................................................................................... 103
KEŞ YADDAŞLARI .......................................................................................................... 105
DRAM (DYNAMIC RAM)................................................................................................. 105
FPM DRAM (FAST PAGE MODE DRAM)........................................................................ 105
EDO DRAM (EXTENDED DATA OUT DRAM)................................................................. 106
BEDO DRAM (BURST EDO DRAM)................................................................................ 106
SDRAM (SYNCHRONOUS DRAM).................................................................................. 107
DDR-SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SDRAM)................................................................ 107
RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM)............................................................................................... 108
YADDAŞ MODULLARI...................................................................................................... 109
SIMM MODULE (SINGLE IN-LINE MEMORY MODULE)................................................ 109
KOMPÜTERİN ELEMENT VASİTƏLƏRİ
DIMM MODULE (DUAL IN-LINE MEMORY MODULE)....................................................110
RIMM MODULE (RAMBUS INLINE MEMORY MODULE)................................................111
YADDAŞ SEÇӘRKӘN NӘLӘRӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘLİDİR?................................................112
RAM UYĞUNSUZLUĞU NECӘ BAŞA DÜŞÜLÜR?............................................................113
İSTİFADӘ EDİLӘN YADDAŞ YETӘRLİDİRMİ?...................................................................113
SӘRT DİSKLӘR...................................................................................................................114
SӘRT DİSKLӘRİN QURULUŞU..........................................................................................115
SӘRT DİSK NECӘ İŞLӘYİR?...............................................................................................117
DİSK ÜZӘRİNDӘ MӘLUMATIN SAXLANILMASI..............................................................118
DİSK FAYL SİSTEMLӘRİ......................................................................................................119
SӘRT DİSKİN SİSTEMӘ QOŞULMASI ...............................................................................121
SӘRT DİSKİN BÖLMӘLӘRӘ AYRILMASI...........................................................................124
SӘRT DİSK İNTERFEYSLӘRİ...............................................................................................127
ELASTİK DİSKLӘR VӘ DİSK SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ........................................................................137
ELASTİK DİSKLӘRİN STRUKTURU ....................................................................................140
ELASTİK DİSK SÜRÜCÜSÜNÜN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ .......................................................140
FLASH DİSKLӘR ..................................................................................................................141
CD VӘ CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ.....................................................................................................142
CD-DӘ MӘLUMAT OXUMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR..............................................143
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNİN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ.........................................................................145
CD-ROM-LARIN SÜRӘTİNӘ TӘSİR EDӘN AMİLLӘR.........................................................146
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ SÜRӘT ARTIMI DÖVRÜ.................................................................148
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ “X” NӘYİ İFADӘ EDİR?...................................................................149
CD STANDARTLARI..............................................................................................................151
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ RAST GӘLİNӘN ӘSAS PROBLEMLӘR..........................................152
СD YAZANLAR......................................................................................................................155
CD YAZANIN ÖN LÖVHӘSİNİN QURULUŞU.....................................................................158
CD YAZANIN MӘHSULDARLIĞI NӘDӘN ASILIDIR?..........................................................159
DVD VӘ DVD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ................................................................................................162
DVD İLӘ CD ARASINDAKI FӘRQLӘR..................................................................................163
DVD-DӘ YÜKSӘK HӘCM NECӘ ӘLDӘ EDİLMİŞDİR?........................................................164
DVD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ NECӘ QOŞULUR?................................................................................166
KOMPÜTERİN SİSTEM BLOKU VӘ GÜC MӘNBӘYİ ..........................................................166
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ (POWER SUPPLY)......................................................................................167
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ NECӘ İŞLӘYİR?..........................................................................................168
GÜC MӘNBӘYİNİN ÖMRÜNÜ UZATMA YOLLARI.............................................................169
GÜC MӘNBӘYİNİN GÜC HӘCMİNİN İSTİFADӘ EDİLMӘSİ...............................................170
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ PROBLEMLӘRİ ...........................................................................................171
EKRAN KARTLARI..................................................................................................................171
EKRAN KARTI STANDARTLARI.............................................................................................172
MDA (HERCULES).................................................................................................................172
CGA (COLOR GRAPHICS ADAPTER)....................................................................................172
EGA (ENHANCED GRAPHICS ADAPTER).............................................................................173
PGA (PROFESSIONAL GRAPHICS ARRAY)...........................................................................173
MCGA (MULTI COLOR GRAPHICS ARRAY)..........................................................................173
8514/A ...................................................................................................................................174
VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY)...........................................................................................174
SVGA (SUPER VGA).............................................................................................................. 175
AGP (ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT).............................................................................. 175
EKRAN KARTLARINDA 3D AMİLİ........................................................................................ 178
EKRAN KARTININ MӘHSULDARLIĞI NӘDӘN ASILIDIR?.................................................. 179
EKRAN KARTINDA OVERCLOCK ӘMӘLİYYATLARI............................................................ 181
EKRAN KARTININ BIOS NİZAMLAMALARI......................................................................... 181
EKRAN KARTINA RAM ӘLAVӘ EDİLMӘSİ.......................................................................... 182
SӘS KARTLARI...................................................................................................................... 182
ISA VӘ PCI SӘS KARTLARI................................................................................................... 184
SӘS KARTININ TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ.................................................................................... 185
SӘS EMALINDA İSTİFADӘ OLUNAN METODLAR............................................................. 185
SӘS KARTINDA SӘS EMALI................................................................................................ 186
SӘS KARTINI YENİLӘMӘK LAZIMDIRMI?......................................................................... 187
III FӘSİL ............................................................................................................................. 189
PERİFERİYA QURĞULARI................................................................................................... 189
ÇAP QURĞULARI............................................................................................................... 189
NÖQTӘ VURUŞLU (DOT MARTIX) ÇAP QURĞULARI...................................................... 190
MÜRӘKKӘB PÜSKÜRTMӘLİ (INKJET) PRİNTERLӘR....................................................... 192
MÜRӘKKӘB PÜSKÜRTMӘLİ PRİNTERLӘRİN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ................................ 194
ÇAP QURĞULARINDA YAZMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ YERİNӘ YETİRİLİR?....................... 197
KAĞIZ VӘ KARTRİCİN İSTİFADӘSİ................................................................................... 198
LAZER ÇAP QURĞULARI.................................................................................................. 200
LAZER ÇAP QURĞUSUNUN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ........................................................... 201
ÇAP QURĞUSUNUN SEÇİLMӘSİNDӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘSİ LAZIM OLAN HALLAR..... 205
SKANERLӘR...................................................................................................................... 206
SKANERDӘ OXUMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR? .................................................... 207
SKANERLӘRDӘ KEYFİYYӘT............................................................................................. 208
SKANERLӘRDӘ RӘSM MÜBADİLӘSİ............................................................................. 208
BACKUP QURĞULARI...................................................................................................... 210
BACKUP (EHTİYAT NÜSXӘ) ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR? ........................................ 210
ŞӘBӘKӘ (NETWORK) TOPOLOGİYALARI VӘ TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ ............................. 216
LOKAL SAHӘ ŞӘBӘKӘSİ (LAN) VӘ QLOBAL SAHӘ ŞӘBӘKӘSİ (WAN)....................... 217
ETHERNET ....................................................................................................................... 217
PROTOKOLLAR............................................................................................................... 218
MÜRACİӘT ÜSULLARI.................................................................................................... 219
LOKAL SAHӘ ӘLAQӘ QURĞULARI............................................................................... 220
MÜASİR ETHERNET ŞӘBӘKӘSİ .................................................................................... 223
ETHERNET VӘ YA 802.3 STANDARTLARININ MӘNASI NӘDİR? ................................ 224
ŞӘBӘKӘ TOPOLOGİYALARI.......................................................................................... 225
BUS (YOL) TOPOLOGİYASI............................................................................................ 225
STAR (ULDUZ) TOPOLOGİYASI..................................................................................... 226
RING (HALQA) TOPOLOGİYASI.................................................................................... 226
MESH (QARIŞIQ) TOPOLOGİYA.................................................................................... 227
ŞӘBӘKӘNİN ӘSAS TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ...................................................................... 227
ŞӘBӘKӘ KABELLӘRİ.................................................................................................... 228
ŞӘBӘKӘ KARTLARI...................................................................................................... 230
HUB............................................................................................................................... 231
KOMPÜTERİN ELEMENT VASİTƏLƏRİ
SWITCHING HUB..........................................................................................................232
ŞӘBӘKӘ KARTLARININ QURULMASI.........................................................................233
ŞӘBӘKӘ KABELLӘRİ İLӘ ӘLAQӘLİ QEYDLӘR..........................................................233
WINDOWS-DA ŞӘBӘKӘ QURMA...............................................................................234
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘLӘR...............................................................................................238
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘ TOPOLOGİYASI ..........................................................................239
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘLӘRLӘ BAĞLI BӘZİ ANLAYIŞLAR...............................................240
WI-FI (WIRELESS FIDELITY –KABELSİZ DӘQİQLİYİ) ..................................................240
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘ ÜÇÜN 802.1X STANDARTLARI..................................................241
BLUETOOTH................................................................................................................242
İrDA (İnfrared Data Association) Sensor.................................................................243
MODEMLӘR .............................................................................................................. 243
MODEM STANDARDLARI...........................................................................................244
MODULYASİYA STANDARDLARI................................................................................244
MODEMLӘRDӘ XӘTA DÜZӘLTMӘ ..........................................................................245
ISDN (INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK)................................................246
56K MODEMLӘR........................................................................................................246
UART NӘDİR VӘ MODEMİN MӘHSULDARLIĞINA NECӘ TӘSİR EDİR?.................247
MODEM LAMPALARININ FUNKSİYALARI.................................................................248
ADSL MODEMLER......................................................................................................249
ADSL MODEMLERİNİN İŞ PRİNSİPİ..........................................................................249
XDSL Texnologiyası...................................................................................................250
DSL-İN İŞ PRİNSİPİ.....................................................................................................251
SCSI KARTI VӘ İNTERFEYSİ...................................................................................... 252
SCSI STANDARDLARI.................................................................................................253
SCSI KARTLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ...............................................................................254
SCSI İNTERFEYSİNӘ HARADA EHTİYAC DUYULUR?..............................................256
SCSI ADAPTER VӘ CİHAZLARI NECӘ SAZLANIR?..................................................257
IV FӘSİL ..................................................................................................................261
BIOS..........................................................................................................................261
BIOS NӘDİR VӘ NECӘ NİZAMLANIR? ................................................................. 261
BIOS HANSI İŞLӘRİ YERİNӘ YETİRİR? .................................................................. 261
BIOS YENİLӘNMӘSİ ............................................................................................. .262
BIOS PROQRAMININ İDARӘ EDİLMӘSİ............................................................... 263
BIOS ANA MENYUSU............................................................................................. 264
STANDARD CMOS FEATURES................................................................................265
ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES..................................................................................267
ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES ...........................................................................270
INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS...................................................................................271
POWER MANAGEMENT..........................................................................................273
PnP/PCI CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................................274
FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE CONTROL........................................................................276
DEFAULTS MENU....................................................................................................277
SUPERVISOR/USER PASSWORD............................................................................277
EXIT SELECTING......................................................................................................278
BIOS MӘLUMAT VӘ XӘBӘRDARLIQ SӘSLӘRİ.................................................... 278
I FӘSİL.......................................................................................................................9
KOMPÜTERLӘRİN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ..........................................................................9
AVTOMATİK RӘQӘMLİ KOMPÜTERLӘR.................................................................9
ELEKTROMEXANİKİ KOMPÜTERLӘR.....................................................................10
ELEKTRON KOMPÜTERLӘR ...................................................................................10
TRANZİSTORLU KOMPÜTERLӘR............................................................................12
İNTEQRAL MİKROSXEM ӘSASLI KOMPÜTERLӘR.................................................14
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTERLӘRİN İNKİŞAF MӘRHӘLӘLӘRİ..............................................14
İSTİFADӘÇİ QRAFİK İNTERFEYSİ ............................................................................17
PORTATİV KOMPÜTERLӘR VӘ XÜSUSİYYӘTLӘRİ ................................................20
PORTATİV KOMPÜTERLӘRDӘ XARİCİ QURĞULARLA ӘLAQӘ.............................21
BATAREYA NÖVLӘRİ VӘ TEXNOLOGİYALARI.........................................................21
NİKEL KADMİUM (NiCd)...........................................................................................22
LİTİUM-İON (LI-ION) ................................................................................................22
NİKEL METAL-HİDRİT (NIMH)..................................................................................23
LİTİUM-İON POLİMER (LIP VӘ YA LI-POLY)............................................................23
II FӘSİL .....................................................................................................................25
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTER SİSTEMİ VӘ ELEMENT VASİTӘLӘRİ........................................25
FӘRDİ KOMPÜTER SİSTEMİ .....................................................................................25
KOMPÜTERİN ӘSAS QURĞULARI............................................................................25
MONİTORLAR............................................................................................................25
CRT MONİTORLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ........................................................................27
LCD MONİTORLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ........................................................................31
QAZ-PLAZMA MONİTORLARI...................................................................................35
VİDEO SİQNALI..........................................................................................................35
GÜC SӘRFİ..................................................................................................................36
DOT PITCH (NÖQTӘ ARALIĞI)..................................................................................36
HӘLL QABİLİYYӘTİ (KEYFİYYӘT) VӘ YENİLӘMӘ SÜRӘTİ.......................................37
MONİTOR EKRANININ ÖLÇÜSÜ...............................................................................38
CRT VӘ LCD MONİTORLARININ İSTİFADӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................39
CRT MONİTORLARININ İŞLӘMӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................................39
LCD MONİTORLARININ İŞLӘMӘ MÜDDӘTİ............................................................40
ANAKARTLAR..............................................................................................................40
ANAKARTIN HİSSӘLӘRİ .............................................................................................41
ANAKARTIN GİRİŞ/ÇIXIŞ PORTLARI ..........................................................................45
MÜASİR ANAKARTLAR................................................................................................47
AT ANAKARTLARI.........................................................................................................47
ATX ANAKARTLARI ......................................................................................................48
YENİ BİR ANAKART ALARKӘN NӘLӘRӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘLİDİR? ..........................50
ANAKARTLARDA MİKROSXEM DӘSTİ FUNKSİYASI...................................................51
BASE I/O, IRQ VӘ DMA................................................................................................54
BASE I/O........................................................................................................................54
IRQ (INTERRUPT REQUST)...........................................................................................56
QURĞU VASİTӘSİLӘ KӘSİLMӘ ...................................................................................56
PROQRAM VASİTӘSİLӘ KӘSİLMӘ ..............................................................................57
DMA (DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS)............................................................................... 58
PROSESSORLAR........................................................................................................... 59
MӘRKӘZİ ӘMӘLİYYAT QURĞUSU (CPU)................................................................... 60
MİKROPROSESSOR İLӘ YADDAŞIN ӘLAQӘSİ............................................................ 61
MİKROPROSESSORUN ӘMR DÖVRÜ ......................................................................... 62
ӘLAQӘ ŞİNLӘRİ ........................................................................................................... 62
MİKROPROSESSORLARIN İNKİŞAF TARİXİ.................................................................. 63
HYPER-THREADING (HT) DӘSTӘYİ TEXNOLOGİYASI NӘDİR?.................................. 78
OVERCLOCK ӘMӘLİYYATLARI...................................................................................... 79
MİKROPROSESSOR NECӘ OVERCLOCK EDİLİR?........................................................ 80
MİKROPROSESSORUN OVERCLOCK EDİLӘRӘK
İŞLӘDİYİNİ NECӘ BİLMӘK OLAR?................................................................................ 83
CORE 2 DUO 'CONROE' MİKROPROSESSORU............................................................ 83
CORE2 DUO ARXİTEKTURASI........................................................................................ 85
AMD MİKROPROSESSORLARI....................................................................................... 88
AMD ATHLON TM MİKROPROSESSORLARI................................................................. 88
AMD ATHLON TM 64 MİKROPROSESSORLARI ........................................................... 90
AMD OPTERON TM MİKROPROSESSORLARI .............................................................. 91
HYPER TRANSPORT TEXNOLOGİYASI .......................................................................... 91
MOBİL MİKROPROSESSORLAR...................................................................................... 93
MOBILE INTEL PENTIUM IV MİKROPROSESSORLARI.................................................. 93
MOBILE INTEL ® PENTIUM ® M (CENTRINO) MİKROPROSESSORLARI.................... 94
MOBILE AMD ATHLON TM XP-M MİKROPROSESSORLARI ........................................ 96
MOBILE AMD ATHLON TM 64 MİKROPROSESSORLARI.............................................. 96
AMD POWERNOW! VӘ INTEL SPEEDSTEP TEXNOLOGİYALARI ................................. 97
INTEL SPEEDSTEP TEXNOLOGİYASI ............................................................................. 98
AMD POWERNOW! TEXNOLOGİYASI ........................................................................... 98
ӘSAS MİKROPROSESSOR PROBLEMLӘRİ .................................................................... 99
YADDAŞLAR................................................................................................................... 100
YADDAŞ NÖVLӘRİ......................................................................................................... 100
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)....................................................................................... 101
PROM (PROGRAMMABLE ROM).................................................................................. 101
EPROM (ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM)............................................................. 102
EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROQRAMMABLE ROM)................................. 102
FLASH............................................................................................................................. 102
RAM (RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY)............................................................................. 103
SRAM (STATIC RAM)...................................................................................................... 103
KEŞ YADDAŞLARI .......................................................................................................... 105
DRAM (DYNAMIC RAM)................................................................................................. 105
FPM DRAM (FAST PAGE MODE DRAM)........................................................................ 105
EDO DRAM (EXTENDED DATA OUT DRAM)................................................................. 106
BEDO DRAM (BURST EDO DRAM)................................................................................ 106
SDRAM (SYNCHRONOUS DRAM).................................................................................. 107
DDR-SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SDRAM)................................................................ 107
RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM)............................................................................................... 108
YADDAŞ MODULLARI...................................................................................................... 109
SIMM MODULE (SINGLE IN-LINE MEMORY MODULE)................................................ 109
KOMPÜTERİN ELEMENT VASİTƏLƏRİ
DIMM MODULE (DUAL IN-LINE MEMORY MODULE)....................................................110
RIMM MODULE (RAMBUS INLINE MEMORY MODULE)................................................111
YADDAŞ SEÇӘRKӘN NӘLӘRӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘLİDİR?................................................112
RAM UYĞUNSUZLUĞU NECӘ BAŞA DÜŞÜLÜR?............................................................113
İSTİFADӘ EDİLӘN YADDAŞ YETӘRLİDİRMİ?...................................................................113
SӘRT DİSKLӘR...................................................................................................................114
SӘRT DİSKLӘRİN QURULUŞU..........................................................................................115
SӘRT DİSK NECӘ İŞLӘYİR?...............................................................................................117
DİSK ÜZӘRİNDӘ MӘLUMATIN SAXLANILMASI..............................................................118
DİSK FAYL SİSTEMLӘRİ......................................................................................................119
SӘRT DİSKİN SİSTEMӘ QOŞULMASI ...............................................................................121
SӘRT DİSKİN BÖLMӘLӘRӘ AYRILMASI...........................................................................124
SӘRT DİSK İNTERFEYSLӘRİ...............................................................................................127
ELASTİK DİSKLӘR VӘ DİSK SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ........................................................................137
ELASTİK DİSKLӘRİN STRUKTURU ....................................................................................140
ELASTİK DİSK SÜRÜCÜSÜNÜN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ .......................................................140
FLASH DİSKLӘR ..................................................................................................................141
CD VӘ CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ.....................................................................................................142
CD-DӘ MӘLUMAT OXUMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR..............................................143
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNİN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ.........................................................................145
CD-ROM-LARIN SÜRӘTİNӘ TӘSİR EDӘN AMİLLӘR.........................................................146
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ SÜRӘT ARTIMI DÖVRÜ.................................................................148
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ “X” NӘYİ İFADӘ EDİR?...................................................................149
CD STANDARTLARI..............................................................................................................151
CD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİNDӘ RAST GӘLİNӘN ӘSAS PROBLEMLӘR..........................................152
СD YAZANLAR......................................................................................................................155
CD YAZANIN ÖN LÖVHӘSİNİN QURULUŞU.....................................................................158
CD YAZANIN MӘHSULDARLIĞI NӘDӘN ASILIDIR?..........................................................159
DVD VӘ DVD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ................................................................................................162
DVD İLӘ CD ARASINDAKI FӘRQLӘR..................................................................................163
DVD-DӘ YÜKSӘK HӘCM NECӘ ӘLDӘ EDİLMİŞDİR?........................................................164
DVD SÜRÜCÜLӘRİ NECӘ QOŞULUR?................................................................................166
KOMPÜTERİN SİSTEM BLOKU VӘ GÜC MӘNBӘYİ ..........................................................166
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ (POWER SUPPLY)......................................................................................167
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ NECӘ İŞLӘYİR?..........................................................................................168
GÜC MӘNBӘYİNİN ÖMRÜNÜ UZATMA YOLLARI.............................................................169
GÜC MӘNBӘYİNİN GÜC HӘCMİNİN İSTİFADӘ EDİLMӘSİ...............................................170
GÜC MӘNBӘYİ PROBLEMLӘRİ ...........................................................................................171
EKRAN KARTLARI..................................................................................................................171
EKRAN KARTI STANDARTLARI.............................................................................................172
MDA (HERCULES).................................................................................................................172
CGA (COLOR GRAPHICS ADAPTER)....................................................................................172
EGA (ENHANCED GRAPHICS ADAPTER).............................................................................173
PGA (PROFESSIONAL GRAPHICS ARRAY)...........................................................................173
MCGA (MULTI COLOR GRAPHICS ARRAY)..........................................................................173
8514/A ...................................................................................................................................174
VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY)...........................................................................................174
SVGA (SUPER VGA).............................................................................................................. 175
AGP (ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT).............................................................................. 175
EKRAN KARTLARINDA 3D AMİLİ........................................................................................ 178
EKRAN KARTININ MӘHSULDARLIĞI NӘDӘN ASILIDIR?.................................................. 179
EKRAN KARTINDA OVERCLOCK ӘMӘLİYYATLARI............................................................ 181
EKRAN KARTININ BIOS NİZAMLAMALARI......................................................................... 181
EKRAN KARTINA RAM ӘLAVӘ EDİLMӘSİ.......................................................................... 182
SӘS KARTLARI...................................................................................................................... 182
ISA VӘ PCI SӘS KARTLARI................................................................................................... 184
SӘS KARTININ TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ.................................................................................... 185
SӘS EMALINDA İSTİFADӘ OLUNAN METODLAR............................................................. 185
SӘS KARTINDA SӘS EMALI................................................................................................ 186
SӘS KARTINI YENİLӘMӘK LAZIMDIRMI?......................................................................... 187
III FӘSİL ............................................................................................................................. 189
PERİFERİYA QURĞULARI................................................................................................... 189
ÇAP QURĞULARI............................................................................................................... 189
NÖQTӘ VURUŞLU (DOT MARTIX) ÇAP QURĞULARI...................................................... 190
MÜRӘKKӘB PÜSKÜRTMӘLİ (INKJET) PRİNTERLӘR....................................................... 192
MÜRӘKKӘB PÜSKÜRTMӘLİ PRİNTERLӘRİN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ................................ 194
ÇAP QURĞULARINDA YAZMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ YERİNӘ YETİRİLİR?....................... 197
KAĞIZ VӘ KARTRİCİN İSTİFADӘSİ................................................................................... 198
LAZER ÇAP QURĞULARI.................................................................................................. 200
LAZER ÇAP QURĞUSUNUN TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ........................................................... 201
ÇAP QURĞUSUNUN SEÇİLMӘSİNDӘ DİQQӘT EDİLMӘSİ LAZIM OLAN HALLAR..... 205
SKANERLӘR...................................................................................................................... 206
SKANERDӘ OXUMA ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR? .................................................... 207
SKANERLӘRDӘ KEYFİYYӘT............................................................................................. 208
SKANERLӘRDӘ RӘSM MÜBADİLӘSİ............................................................................. 208
BACKUP QURĞULARI...................................................................................................... 210
BACKUP (EHTİYAT NÜSXӘ) ӘMӘLİYYATI NECӘ APARILIR? ........................................ 210
ŞӘBӘKӘ (NETWORK) TOPOLOGİYALARI VӘ TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ ............................. 216
LOKAL SAHӘ ŞӘBӘKӘSİ (LAN) VӘ QLOBAL SAHӘ ŞӘBӘKӘSİ (WAN)....................... 217
ETHERNET ....................................................................................................................... 217
PROTOKOLLAR............................................................................................................... 218
MÜRACİӘT ÜSULLARI.................................................................................................... 219
LOKAL SAHӘ ӘLAQӘ QURĞULARI............................................................................... 220
MÜASİR ETHERNET ŞӘBӘKӘSİ .................................................................................... 223
ETHERNET VӘ YA 802.3 STANDARTLARININ MӘNASI NӘDİR? ................................ 224
ŞӘBӘKӘ TOPOLOGİYALARI.......................................................................................... 225
BUS (YOL) TOPOLOGİYASI............................................................................................ 225
STAR (ULDUZ) TOPOLOGİYASI..................................................................................... 226
RING (HALQA) TOPOLOGİYASI.................................................................................... 226
MESH (QARIŞIQ) TOPOLOGİYA.................................................................................... 227
ŞӘBӘKӘNİN ӘSAS TӘRKİB HİSSӘLӘRİ...................................................................... 227
ŞӘBӘKӘ KABELLӘRİ.................................................................................................... 228
ŞӘBӘKӘ KARTLARI...................................................................................................... 230
HUB............................................................................................................................... 231
KOMPÜTERİN ELEMENT VASİTƏLƏRİ
SWITCHING HUB..........................................................................................................232
ŞӘBӘKӘ KARTLARININ QURULMASI.........................................................................233
ŞӘBӘKӘ KABELLӘRİ İLӘ ӘLAQӘLİ QEYDLӘR..........................................................233
WINDOWS-DA ŞӘBӘKӘ QURMA...............................................................................234
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘLӘR...............................................................................................238
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘ TOPOLOGİYASI ..........................................................................239
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘLӘRLӘ BAĞLI BӘZİ ANLAYIŞLAR...............................................240
WI-FI (WIRELESS FIDELITY –KABELSİZ DӘQİQLİYİ) ..................................................240
KABELSİZ ŞӘBӘKӘ ÜÇÜN 802.1X STANDARTLARI..................................................241
BLUETOOTH................................................................................................................242
İrDA (İnfrared Data Association) Sensor.................................................................243
MODEMLӘR .............................................................................................................. 243
MODEM STANDARDLARI...........................................................................................244
MODULYASİYA STANDARDLARI................................................................................244
MODEMLӘRDӘ XӘTA DÜZӘLTMӘ ..........................................................................245
ISDN (INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK)................................................246
56K MODEMLӘR........................................................................................................246
UART NӘDİR VӘ MODEMİN MӘHSULDARLIĞINA NECӘ TӘSİR EDİR?.................247
MODEM LAMPALARININ FUNKSİYALARI.................................................................248
ADSL MODEMLER......................................................................................................249
ADSL MODEMLERİNİN İŞ PRİNSİPİ..........................................................................249
XDSL Texnologiyası...................................................................................................250
DSL-İN İŞ PRİNSİPİ.....................................................................................................251
SCSI KARTI VӘ İNTERFEYSİ...................................................................................... 252
SCSI STANDARDLARI.................................................................................................253
SCSI KARTLARININ İŞ PRİNSİPİ ...............................................................................254
SCSI İNTERFEYSİNӘ HARADA EHTİYAC DUYULUR?..............................................256
SCSI ADAPTER VӘ CİHAZLARI NECӘ SAZLANIR?..................................................257
IV FӘSİL ..................................................................................................................261
BIOS..........................................................................................................................261
BIOS NӘDİR VӘ NECӘ NİZAMLANIR? ................................................................. 261
BIOS HANSI İŞLӘRİ YERİNӘ YETİRİR? .................................................................. 261
BIOS YENİLӘNMӘSİ ............................................................................................. .262
BIOS PROQRAMININ İDARӘ EDİLMӘSİ............................................................... 263
BIOS ANA MENYUSU............................................................................................. 264
STANDARD CMOS FEATURES................................................................................265
ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES..................................................................................267
ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES ...........................................................................270
INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS...................................................................................271
POWER MANAGEMENT..........................................................................................273
PnP/PCI CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................................274
FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE CONTROL........................................................................276
DEFAULTS MENU....................................................................................................277
SUPERVISOR/USER PASSWORD............................................................................277
EXIT SELECTING......................................................................................................278
BIOS MӘLUMAT VӘ XӘBӘRDARLIQ SӘSLӘRİ.................................................... 278
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